“I held his hand for a few seconds but the waves pulled him inside”, says Siddharth Patil, a lifeguard at Mumbai’s Aksa Beach at Mudh Island, where Supujan Radhesyam Soni (age:14)  lost his life while swimming in high tide waves at around 1 p.m. on Sunday, April 26.

Siddharth was tired and angry after his attempt. “I had warned them twice to not go into the water but people here are like animals; they don’t pay any heed to safety.” Siddharth claims that this is the first drowning in six months at the beach that is known for death by drowning.

The seniormost lifeguard at the beach echoes Siddharth’s views. “They have no value for life. We plead and beg the people to stay away from water but you can see that they come in hundreds and defy every advice”, says Rajanikant S Mashelkar, who is in his eleventh year of duty at Aksa.

“It is easy to blame the lifeguards. You can see for your self the sensitivity of these people. They are in the water again”, says Rajanikant referring to the beach goers who were in the water five minutes after the drowning.

Siddharth seems appalled by this attitude. “Many of them pick fights with me when I stop them. They say that it doesn’t matter to them that other people die. And then we are blamed for ineffectiveness”.

The three kilometre stretch of the beach is patrolled by three lifeguards at any given time. “I have two swimmers in the morning and three in the evening”, says Rajanikant as he runs to shout at some boys who have gone deep into the water.

Aksa has no boat facility for rescue operations. This writer found five life jackets in the lifeguard’s cabin.

“There was no time to go for the lifejacket”, says a local sandwich-seller who has seen some drownings in the past. He continues, “The lifeguards may be ill-equipped, but larger part of the blame goes to the people who don’t listen to any warning given to them by the Police and the lifeguards.”

In some time two police constables arrived but they are unable to move everybody out of water. Finally, Rajanikant picks up the clothes and valuables littered on the beach. And then some people come out of the water. “It’s a tried and tested technique, sir”.

Also published in DNA (Link)

On entering the beach: The Spectators

The lifeguard comes back but without the boy

Tried but couldn't save the boy

The senior lifeguard at Aksa Beach

Five minutes after the drowning, people are back in the water

The senior Lifeguard tells the people to move out of water.

The drowning doesn't have much effect on people. "Many of them pick fights with me when I stop them. They say that it doesn't matter to them that other people die".

The constables show the stick and people begin to move

Some people come out of water only when he takes their clothes and valuables

About the personal and cultural disintegration of a tribal village

There is a small tribal village in India. Malathi belongs to this village. The women here are happier than women in Delhi.

After puberty, Malathi was inducted into the village dormitory where she learnt weaving, knitting and other arts from the elder women and men. She also learnt the art of love-making through practice. By the time she was out of the dormitory, she was sexually and socially confident. Unlike the city girls, Malathi and her friends did not face ‘growing-up problems’ or ‘attitudinal disorders’ that lead you to the psychologist.

Sure, she did not study like the city girl. Many city girls read about USA and China and Russia. They attend ballet dancing classes and sing beautifully. Then they fall in love and depend and sometimes cut their wrists. Or they grow serious, laugh a little and are praised by the society for their “focus”.

“She is such a focussed girl. You must be like her”

The tribal girls, instead, focussed on happiness. They were natural, as God or aatman or nothingness made them. Whenever they felt that they were losing this natural state of being, they let out their pent-up psychological tensions till they were satisfied.

One evening, Malathi’s friend was feeling gloomy. Malathi asked her to sing and dance in the moonlight. At some distance, a young sociologist observed the girls and wrote in his diary that the tribals needed civilization.

Moving on; the tribals were thrilled when condoms were introduced in their society. The procedure of using this balloon-like thing was better and easier than their traditional methods. New tradition! Progress. Happiness. Much Joy.

“Promiscuity”, noted the young sociologist who would soon be a leading writer.

Of course, the tribals needed progress and new tools and new money. But all that did not dictate their happiness. In the coming sentences, the government will take away their land and relocate them and some religious groups will force their religion on them and spoil the tribal life. But let it be known that happiness-essential to live-was a characteristic of these tribals. And now I proceed.

Malathi and others refused the new religion. They were tortured. Some tribal men and women attacked the preachers. They were branded as savages. Promiscuous savages. Some were arrested, some ran away from police. And some women were raped. Etc… The regular.

Malathi’s male friend, one of her lovers in the dormitory, who had happily welcomed the introduction of condoms, went to Delhi/Mumbai for job and money. His land was taken away by police/government/religion.

Without education, he struggled. He had lived like a king in his village. Here he was dying. Before his death, he scribbled in his book… “tribal society progress… same life plus education. Preserve….”

Some other tribal men grew accustomed to city life. They saw that women here, even the rich ones, were treated like money. There was no dormitory here for them to relax. Instead, there were open brothels. The tribal men laughed. And perhaps they grew mad.

Something major happened to Malathi in the village. She got raped. Rapes didn’t happen in tribal socities. Very few. But Malathi didn’t mind. She coped well. That sex education!

The boy who raped her cried when he was told about his crime. This is his story:

The village dormitory was shut down by the police/preachers/government and instead of the dormitory, the boy was provided religious lessons. Women are bad, or they are inferior. Man of the house. Sex is sin. God is great. Tch..tch… very confusing to him. Then he went to town to look for a job. Here he was told that he is ST/SC/Adivasi/ABCD. He laughed at the official’s “stories” and was, therefore, suitably thrashed by him. With no money for hospital care, he went to a village where all women covered their head with dupattas or burqas when they saw a stranger amidst them. Until one woman tore a part of her dress and covered his wounds and gave him water and gave him food.

Stupid woman. Didn’t see her husband watching her. Didn’t realize that what she tore was not just the sleeve but a large part of her blouse. The boy smiled at the husband and told him that that nothing is shameful and that all humans were born equally… the husband pulled the wife inside the hut. Three days later he divorced her by saying, “I divorce you” multiplied by three.

The boy went back to the village. He was told that he suffered because he had forsaken God. The boy was hurt, angry, confused…he was a boy after all. Didn’t you wonder why I have been calling him “boy”?

With rising psychological tensions and insecurities, he raped Malathi just to prove to himself that he was a man and that he existed.

The village elders, in consultation with Malathi, forgave him because he was really suffering… the boy met Malathi, cried and apologised, promised to get back on track…the elders reminded the boy of his tribal education and the pride of the village… Malathi forgave the boy… The Women Rights Association stormed into the village, met Malathi and told her that men are pigs… the police arrested the boy and tortured him… the boy hung himself on a tree.

The preachers photographed the boy hanging from the tree. They pointed at him. This is what will happen to you if you don’t listen to God.

The young sociologist, now older, came to the village with some journalists.

No food, no electricity.
These tribals are against development.
Women are promiscuous.
No culture.
They have always been unhappy…

Boom … boom … as soon as he heard the last sentence, he threw the smuggled bombs at the sociologist…  “Eminent sociologist killed by tribal terrorist”

As he was being dragged away, he called out to Malathi.

“Daughter, try not to pick arms, but continue our struggle. Remember our happy times. Get education and write about it. We were happy once daughter. I love you”

Caught!

[Fiction]

“Oh, you know him not!”

I said to my friend while walking along a peaceful country road. He is a patient of chronic back-ache and today was especially a troublesome day for him.

“Why is he blue? Because he is conscious of having brown skin like Indian men.”

My friend was aghast. He said that the colour blue was only symbolic and that nobody would bother if you drew him brown or black. He also urged me to come back to my senses.

“Krishna was non-monogamous. He could not stick to any one woman. Look at his erotic paintings and you will find that none of them have the same woman. He tortured Radha and ultimately was married off to another woman.”

My friend was silent. He said that there surely was deeper significance in this God’s actions since he is revered by Indians and even foreigners. He asked me to look at Indian philosophy from an Indian point-of-view.

“What significance? That person in my dream was correct about Krishna”

My friend interrupted me to ask me about the person but I continued talking.

“Krishna has always attempted to hide his devilish actions with innocence. Take for instance his habit of stealing butter as a child. If any young boy steals butter then his mother would punish him. Even Krishna’s mother punished him. But instead of condoning that action, we celebrate it and write songs about it.”

My friend was not impressed. He was now pressing his back as he walked.

“Look at other Gods, look at other religions. Do you find anybody as impure and vile as Krishna? Does he fit into the mould of any religious character you know? He doesn’t.

When people look at the image of Gods of other religions, they bow their head and mutter respectful words. But who would really want to give any respect to a thief and a promiscuous God? Tell me, can any woman pray to him? For all you know Krishna would be winking at her while she shut her eyes during prayer time. Would any other religion support such a God?”

My friend told me that ‘Hinduism’ is different from other religions and that I must be fair to the goodness in every religion. Every religion is unfair to women…

“In every other religion, women have a sense of modesty. They are not promiscuous. And the male Gods are humble but powerful. They don’t waste time chasing and seducing unsuspecting women. Krishna had lots of time in his hands; lots of time and very little clothes. And he was willing to take them off at every opportunity. You call this a God? An object of worship?”

I was reminded that Indian philosophy was liberal and unlike any other religion with respect to the attitude towards women and sexuality. I was also told that if I didn’t like Krishna then I could look at the life of other Gods.

“Why? Then do you accept that Krishna is very inferior to other Gods? If he is a God then you should accept everything about him, if you have he courage! You may have heard the tale about that famous singer-poetess who considered Krishna as her husband and refused to let her husband touch her after marriage. And she didn’t mind when her husband made love to other women. Isn’t this madness? Is this what Krishna inspires? 

And was this God of yours ever faithful to any woman? Did he ask them if they would permit him to sleep with other women? Or did he simply pick his filthy self from one hut and enter another?”

My friend was silent and morose.

“Bless that person in my dream who opened my eyes to such vanity and vileness. When other Gods were preaching religion and peace, your Krishna was grazing with goats and cows. Is there any philosophy in spending long hours with animals? But you Hindus are going to write a thousand songs for every hour he spent at the mountainside playing his flute or chasing a woman. Why didn’t your God preach religion to his village women instead of feeling them up? Why didn’t he teach them virtue instead of sex? Were the women any wiser after learning about the different sexual positions they could manage with your God? Why didn’t your God start something like a Sunday school for women instead of pouncing on them seven days a week? Or perhaps, as my dream-person told me, he was too illiterate for that.”

My friend was silent and didn’t look at me. We continued walking.

“Perhaps you are angry, my friend. But it is my duty to tell you the facts about your blue God. It is time that the modern world wakes up to the truth. I hate it when I see young Hindu children praying to a wasted person. They should rather spend their time worshipping Gods of other religions who are virtuous and moral. I would never leave my children, especially my girl, in the company of a despicable and depraved animal called Krishna”

At this my friend got agitated.

“And who told you all this nonsense about Krishna. Who was that person in your dream?”

I took out my handkerchief and dabbed it to my forehead. Since it was winter, there was no need for me to do that. I was dry and comfortable. I carefully folded the handkerchief and placed it in the pocket of my trousers.

Then I smiled and spoke.
“It was Krishna himself”

Epilogue

We are bound by the force of Indian philosophy and free to question, debate and make fun. My friend and I shall again go for walks when his health improves and when I promise to not fool him again.

We shall sit at a garden and talk some more about Krishna. And girls. 

Image taken from here

You never remember me
Except when I am setting
At morning, you shudder at my sight
At noon, you look at me through tinted windows
And at evening, you look at me melancholy
And remember your loved ones
Wait till it is winter
And I look at you through tinted clouds

I sail between land and sea.
Once the clock strikes twelve, I am in guilt with the dissolved sun
That listens to jeers of the revellers.

When it’s morning again and the revellers rest,
it is the sun that will welcome them to the future.

Ride my horse, so I can eat at night
When it is night, I will eat with trouble;
When the hungry horse stares at my grain

While you click the sun
I make photos with girls
When the sun sets
my photos will still shine

Santa Singh

It is difficult to make friends who are free of any associations. All of us feel strongly for some institution or the other; religion, political party, language and even food.

Let me give you a recent example. A Muslim talked to me about problems faced by ‘his people’. I clearly remember that I met a young adult and wanted to talk to him about anything other than religion. But he steered the talk to religion. A few minutes into our conversation, I remarked, “What have you got to do with USA attacking Pakistan? We have our own problems here and they are serious.”

It was a mistake. He started lecturing me about his religion being targeted and involved several other countries into the discussion. I gulped a soft drink when he left my company.

This chap is somewhat like my fat Punjabi aunty who cannot stop harping about her political connections and her God; neither of whom have asked her to constantly munch on her greasy potato chips.

A bespectacled man asked me recently,
“Are you a communist?”

Why should I tell you? Why don’t you ask me if I like the oceans or if my liver can sustain alcohol?

Wherever we go, we are confronted by people who want to know how much we are earning, ‘what’ are parents are and how successful we are. Based on these factors, they will decide how much of their speaking power they should invest in us.

Even the beggar targets rich looking people for alms; he should know that he won’t get more than a rupee or two anyway.

I wish I could dress like those ‘easy going’ boys; wear a loose shirt and some type of alien cargo pants and keep the hair ruffled. Let nobody guess who or what you are. Even the girls will look at you for more than a few seconds. How about an expensive watch to go with the poor clothing? Let them guess whether I am rich or poor.

I believe that someday, I will meet a person (hopefully a girl) who would bother more about my thoughts than my associations. Only then will I start thinking about marriage.

Indian Politicians: Spot the middle finger.

[Gunmen have carried out a series of co-ordinated attacks across the Indian city of Mumbai (Bombay), killing *** people and injuring *** more.] Source

God bless terrorists! Without them, the country is plunged into darkness. Maharashtra is fighting Bihar and Karnataka is fighting Tamil Nadu. Or somewhere in north-east India, separatists are killing tribals. In Orissa, Christians and Hindus are blaming each other for communal tension. When terrorists strike, all these factions become united for a short time. So God bless terrorists.

India is a pitiful country. Like in the past, its people are bent on destroying it internally. The British or the Muslims would never have conquered us if the native kings were united. Similarly, no terrorist can bother us if we work united. But the nation is still soaked in caste and religion; every day there are reports of caste based politics and religious hatred. My self-made sample of daily news that defines India:

• MBA graduate harasses wife for dowry

• IAS officer under scanner for corruption

• Brahmin youth attack Dalit village

• Christians convert Dalit causing riots

• DGP arrested for bribery

Even India’s most popular sport is not spared from corruption. It is common news that many players in the Indian cricket team are selected on regional biases.

But all these conflicts disappear when terrorists strike. The message is clear; when you are not destroying us, we are destroying ourselves.  

All this nonsense about terrorists affecting our moral and social fibre will disappear in a few weeks time and the country will get back to its usual pettiness. Let us not be blinded by news channels asking us to be united and spirited; it just doesn’t work in this country.

The only people who should be sad are those who lost their loved one in the attacks. I don’t think they will say that the politicians must be united in tackling terror. They will also not go about preaching harmony. They will spend time recovering and while doing so, hear shrill voices of communal faith.

Tomorrow: For those who lost someone…

Kartikey Sehgal

Background.

[Mumbai is the capital of Maharashtra and the financial capital of India. In the 21^ST century, 50% (or more) of Mumbai's population lives on streets. Politics is very competitive. Currently, politicians are dividing people on linguistic lines for the sake of votes.

The hard-working Mumbai resident must do anything else but fall for political games, but he is frustrated with pathetic working conditions, filth, corruption and is ready to believe that his misery is the result of outsiders; people who come to live and work in Mumbai.

This story, however, concentrates on political games in Maharashtra.]

I had correctly said that the Nationalist Congress Party (NCP) is using Raj Thackeray’s Maharashtra Navnirman Sena (MNS) for political gains in Maharashtra.

[Raj is likely to be shielded by the Nationalist Congress Party (NCP). Shiv Sena is a political partner of BJP and NCP could use MNS to fight them in the next elections.] Source

NCP is now hinting at support to MNS.

A senior leader from NCP said in a television interview that people must respect Marathi ethos and culture. It is not important for non-Marathis to learn the language but they must not disrespect local customs.

He was, however, not forthcoming on how local Marathi culture is being disrespected by people from other states.

“I am not saying learn the language. At least respect the language, sentiments and the culture of the state.” Source

NCP is trying to be different from Shiv Sena by stating that learning Marathi should not be cumpolsary for non-Marathi people. The party could use this distinction as a political advantage in the 2009 Lok Sabha elections.

If Raj becomes more popular in the coming weeks, then you may expect NCP to offer absolute political support to him. The current conundrum in Maharashtra is similar to the Jammu and Kashmir ‘land’ problem (here and here) where politicians divided people along religious lines to gain electoral support for the forthcoming elections. Political parties in Maharashtra are trying to gain Marathi votes by creating a sense of panic about ‘outsiders’ destroying Marathi culture.

The real issue is what MNS terms as ‘inadequate representation’ to locals in jobs in Maharashtra. They claim that they are upset about North Indians coming to Mumbai to apply for jobs. The issue surely has nothing to do with any culture or language being disrespected.

******

Is NCP controlling MNS? Considering how Raj Thackeray, with his little experience in politics, is being drawn into political discussions and  interviews, it is hard to believe that political players see no potential in him.

Why else would they not want Raj behind bars? Perhaps NCP is gauging his popularity among the masses. They may like to offer him political support before he is jailed; A jailed Raj could become a hero and his political gain could be used by NCP in the next polls against Congress and BJP.

Congress may not like to see Raj in jail after reading NCP’s favourable stance towards MNS. If Raj’s clout increases then they may offer lucrative posts to NCP and win them over. Raj would then be left without an ally.

Therefore, it’s possible that NCP is controlling MNS.

Kartikey Sehgal

Journalists from Hindi and Marathi newspapers told me that Raj Thackeray would be a good change for politics in Maharashtra. According to them, Raj never had problems with youngsters canoodling in beaches and parks. He planned to send his party men to the streets on February 14 to ensure safety for couples in love. He had also decided to protect shops selling Valentine cards and other ‘love’ merchandise irrespective of the owner’s religion or language. Raj wanted Maharashtra Navnirman Sena (MNS) to serve as an antidote to the partisan politics of Shiv Sena and thereby muster support of the people.

He changed. Today, Raj is trying to be more prejudiced than Shiv Sena. I have not met those buoyant journalists to ask them about the recent changes in MNS politics. Raj is fighting court battles. His men are destroying vehicles and buses and trains. They are attacking aspirant workers from Uttar Pradesh and Bihar.

Raj’s change of heart (and ideals) may have to do with fear of living up to his progressive plans. Let us see why he may not go to prison.

Raj is likely to be shielded by the Nationalist Congress Party (NCP). Shiv Sena is a political partner of BJP and NCP could use MNS to fight them in the next elections. Together, they could also challenge the Congress party unless Raj is vehemently hated by the people.

Therefore, it is unlikely that NCP would want Raj to go to jail. They might even oppose any plans to ban the MNS. Congress is also not very keen to punish Raj. Any success of Raj would mean a lump in the fortunes of Shiv Sena-BJP. Congress would find it easier to tackle NCP-MNS than any other political alliance.

I wonder what those journalists have to say about Raj Thackerey. They should be disappointed in writing about the violence of MNS workers. Hopefully they have not lost a family member in the violence. They may rue the missed ‘good change’ that they had talked about. 

Raj Thackeray arrested by police for instigating violence and muder

Image: The Hindu

Kartikey Sehgal

[The author visits a pandal during the Durga puja festival and appreciates the effort to make it an artistic event. Certain unconfirmed names have not been mentioned]

Festival is the celebration of culture. You don’t have to be an anthropologist to partake the songs, dances and Gods during the ongoing Durga Puja.

In the last three days, I have listened to Bengali music and listened to Rabindranath Tagore’s idea of music and literature. I have listened to proud references to Bengali filmmakers Ritwik Ghatak and Satyajit ray. All of this in a simple pandal where the decorations are more symbolic than exaggerated; where the richness of clothes matters less than the will to appreciate art; where actor and singer Shekhar Sen‘s style of greeting takes you right into the festivities:

“Hello Kartikey. We have been praying to you. Only we Bengalis pray to you out here. Nobody else does”

The reference is to Lord Kartikey (Kartikeya) who occupies a place among the worshipped Gods.

The crowd was distracted during the performances, children wailed and some ladies discussed shopping. But this didn’t deter Shweta Sen, the event organiser, from reading out a self written commentary on Rabindra Sangeet and singing some Bengali songs. Shekhar Sen mellifluously sang a Bengali bhajan and a children song after explaining its meaning in Hindi.

We listened to paeans to Vitthal in the form of a Marathi song by a classically based singer, which was followed by two film songs by the winner of a music contest.

Today, I saw a classical dance, which was described as classical fusion by an admirer.

The ongoing program may not be exhaustive in terms of content or popular in terms of audience but it is an effort towards imparting meaning to a festival through good art. This is important considering that entertainment programs in the bigger pandals are highlighted mostly by remixed film songs and loud music.

I may visit the pandal in the remaining few days as well.

The pandal hosts artistic performances daily.

Ananth Venkatesh

Cities under attack in recent times. Circled in black are cities attacked in 2008. Click to enlarge.

[Synchronised serial Blasts in New Delhi on September 13.
20 synchronised bombs in Ahmedabad on July 26.
9 bomb blasts in Bangalore on July 25.
9 synchronised blasts in Jaipur on May 13.
All of these in the year 2008. ]

Terrorism has scourged India uncontrollably ever since the inception of anti-national militancy in Jammu and Kashmir in the late 1980s. The ineffectual rejoinder of the Indian polity to terrorism has intensified the misery of the victims here. The ineffectual response stems from:

• The inability to arrive at a feasible consensus on the issue of anti-terror laws
• The incapacity to steadfastly enact appropriately harsh laws against terrorism.

Terrorism, abetted by the brazenly divisive communalism of some political outfits such as the Congress, the Left front, etc, has become such a common phenomenon in India that people have accepted it to be an immanent constituent of their lives.

Whether it is some confederates of the UPA Government such as RJD’s Lalu Prasad, Samajwadi Party’s Mulayam Yadav professing their respect and empathy for the outlawed SIMI or the Left Front succumbing to the Islamic fanatics’ demands on the issue of Taslima Nasreen’s expulsion or fear of adopting concrete anti-terror actions due to minority mollification, the Indian State has surrendered feebly to terrorist-extremist groups.

Writer Taslima Nasreen attacked by a crowd that included three elected political leaders. The Communist Part of India-Marxists (CPI-M) expelled Taslima from Bengal to appease such hardline detractors. They also refuse to support the ban on Student's Islamic Movement of India (SIMI), a militant body, for fear of losing Muslim votes in the state.

The tolerance of the Indian nation has been examined mercilessly by not only the fundamentalists but also by the unresponsive political system, which has been divided on being confronted with the problem of terrorism.

The fecklessness of the federal Home Minister, Shivraj Patil, is evidenced by the disastrous track record of his tenure, when terror has proliferated effortlessly to copious corners of India. Victimised by terrorism in ‘peacetime’, as India has been more than any other nation, Indians are forced to listen to the predictably tiresome utterances of Shivraj Patil in the aftermath of every terroristic monstrosity. His inability to persuade the provincial Governments to embrace the idea of a central investigative agency to tackle terrorism has hurt India immensely.

The revocation by the UPA of POTA, a severe anti-terror legislation, on capturing power democratically in 2004, was an ill-advised move originating from adherence to a debauched version of secularism, a part of which argues that poverty-stricken and direly disadvantaged individuals choose the terroristic path. However, this argument is not credible since many of these terrorists are literate.

“Judging by Abdul Subhan Qureshi’s early CV he should be a poster boy of the new India: educated at a church school, he studied electronics and software before joining a high-tech firm in Bombay in 1996.

Instead, this is the man now being described as India’s Osama bin Laden.” (Source)

Funding for the intelligence agencies and other espionage bodies must be significantly increased. India has to wage a conflict against people who are determined to impose their intolerant perspective on secular India. Internationally, some harsh anti-terror measures have been enacted by legislatures of countries, which have not been devastated by terrorism as comprehensively as India.

Israel is a wonderful example that India can observe and emulate. The steadfast dedication with which Shin Bet and Mossad, the two premier Israeli spy agencies, have been nurtured and used by Israel to eradicate anti-Israel militants should serve as a lesson for Indian intelligence agencies, whose ineffectiveness has been exposed repeatedly due to a wretched lack of coordination.

Mossad is an anti-terror body in Israel. Israel and Palestine are often in the limelight for their attack on civilians. However, India could do well with their own version of anti-terror squads like Mossad.

India must not treat the American offer of assistance of investigating the origins of the Delhi blasts warily. A joint probe might be fruitful since many of the previous terrorist atrocities in India have not been solved by Indian agencies responsible for the maintenance of law and order. India is becoming an unsafe site to live in, which might have problematic economic repercussions. Investment by the private sector might decline due to fear over the safeness of India. Tourist inflow will definitely decrease and India, like neighbouring Pakistan, might have to encounter the refusals of overseas cricket teams to tour India.

Only single-mindedness in the mission of eliminating terrorism will ensure success for India. Sorrowfully, this commitment seems to be lacking, which is making India bleed.

Click to read the complete list of militant attacks on India

Source:

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